Essential Resources for AI Excellence
AI Legal Frameworks
A number of AI framewroks have emerged. The first and most comprehensive is the EU AI Act. This European regulation classifies AI systems to risk categories, alligning requirements to the risks.
If your organization is located in EU or plans to place AI products in EU, compliance with the AI Act is mandatory.
AI standards
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has already developed a large number of AI standards, ranging from AI lifecycle, to bias and quality management systems. However, ISO is not the only one, IEEE, China among others have already a number of standards available.
AI Frameworks & Guidance
Not all jurisdictions force mandatory requirements to AI systems. A number of "voluntary" frameworks have emerged like NIST AI Risk Management in US.
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AI Legal Frameworks
European Union (EU)
The first and most comprehensive legal framework is the EU AI Act. This 2024 European regulation classifies AI systems to risk categories, alligning requirements to the risks. AI Act is about to change. Commission has suggested amendments with the digital Omnibus proposal.
To support the AI Act, CEN/CENELEC is developing hamronized standards. Under the AI Act, complinace with harmonized standards is a presumption of confomrity with legislative requirement.
United States of America (USA)
US regulates AI both at federal and state levels. On Jan 2025 there was an Executive Order that "revokes certain existing AI policies and directives that act as barriers to American AI innovation". On Mar 2026 the White House National Policy Framework for AI - Legislative Recommendations was published. Chapter VII is about establishment of a federal AI policy framework, to prevent fragemented landscape of state regulations. US fragmentation is already evident, several states intorduced AI related legislations, a small sample is listed below:
- California introduced Transparency in Frontier AI Act TFAIA.
- Colorado in May 2024 enacted the Consumer Protections for Interactions with AI Act.
- New York enacted in Dec 2025 the Responsible AI Safety & Education (RAISE).
People's Republic of China (PRC)
China has intorduced AI rules in a number of laws.The following is a small sample: In 2023 PRC introduced Generative AI measures. On the same year Deep Synthesis Provisions came into force. Recently in 2026, a clause on AI was introduced to the Cybersecurity law.
Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV)
Vietnam’s Law on Artificial Intelligence (No. 134/2025/QH15 AI Law) came into effect on March 2026. It follows a similar approach to the AI Act, classifying AI systems into three levels (High, Medium, and low risk), requiring mandatory conformity assessement of high-risk products.
Japan
On May 2025 the “Act on the Promotion of Research and Development and the Utilization of AI-Related Technologies”was approved by Parliament. The Act’s establish principles for policies that promote the research, development, and utilization of AI in Japan. Japan is relying on non-binding guidelines "AI Guidelines for Business", and "Governance Guidelines for Implementation of AI Principles".
AI standards
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has already developed a large number of AI standards, ranging from AI lifecycle, to bias and quality management systems. Below you can find a list of noteworthy published standards:
ISO/IEC 42001
Information technology — Artificial intelligence — Management system.ISO/IEC TR 24027
Information technology — Artificial intelligence (AI) — Bias in AI systems and AI aided decision making.ISO/IEC 23894
Information technology — Artificial intelligence — Guidance on risk management.ISO/IEC 42005
Information technology — Artificial intelligence (AI) — AI system impact assessment.ISO/IEC 5338
Information technology — Artificial intelligence — AI system life cycle processes.
IEEE has issued/drafted several AI publications, see below few samples:
- IEEE P2863 Draft Recommended Practice for Organizational Governance of Artificial Intelligence.
- IEEE P3419 Standard for Large Language Model Evaluation
- IEEE P3396 Recommended Practice for Defining and Evaluating Artificial Intelligence (AI) Risk, Safety, Trustworthiness, and Responsibility.
- IEEE 7000-2021 Standard Model Process for Addressing Ethical Concerns during System Design.
- IEEE 7000-2021 Standard Model Process for Addressing Ethical Concerns during System Design.
China’s plan is to formulate over 50 standards by 2026, a small sample can be found below:
- GB/T 45438-2025 – Cybersecurity technology - Labeling method for content generated by artificial intelligence.
- GB/T 45280-2025: Artificial intelligence - Unified interfaces for heterogeneous artificial intelligence accelerating units.
- GB/T 45225-2025 Artificial intelligence - Deep learning algorithms evaluation.
AI Frameworks & Guidance
Not all jurisdictions force mandatory requirements to AI systems. A number of "voluntary" frameworks have emerged.
United States of America (USA)
NIST AI Risk Management in US. "The NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF) is intended for voluntary use and to improve the ability to incorporate trustworthiness considerations into the design, development, use, and evaluation of AI products, services, and systems.".
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued guidances on AI use to support regulatory decisions, and recommendations for a Predetermined Change Control Plan for Artificial Intelligence enabled devices.
United Kingdom (UK)
The UK is proposing to establish a pro-innovation framework for regulating AI. On Feb 2025, UK issued an "AI playbook for the UK government". CDEI has published "the roadmap to an effective AI assurance ecosystem". UK places enmphasis on sector specific implementation. To inform UK regulation, there have been sector specific open calls for evidence like the "Regulation of AI in Healthcare".
Canada
Canada has proposed the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA) in Jun 2022. Currently there is no regulatory framework specific to AI. A "Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems", has been announced.
Cross-Jurisdiction & Sector specific
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has several publications on AI. The main publication is the AI principles. The "Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible AI" report is a practical guidance for organizations implementing AI principles. The "AI, data governance and privacy", maps the principles set in the OECD Privacy Guidelines to the OECD AI Principles,
International Medical Device Regulators Forum (IMDRF) has released "Good machine learning practice for medical device development: Guiding principles", which builds builds on the guiding principles released in October 2021 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada, and the United Kingdom’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency.
World Health Organization (WHO) has several publications on areas relevant to AI in healthcare. Publications range from "Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health" to "Generating Evidence for Artificial Intelligence Based Medical Devices: A Framework for Training Validation and Evaluation".
UNESCO has reported in 2025 "AI and the Future of Education: Disruptions, Dilemmas and Directions", and in 2021 "Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence".
IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems: framework generally consists of eight principles: transparency, accountability, awareness of limitations, safety and well-being, reliability and dependability, equity, inclusivity, and privacy protection.